Solar energy can generate heat, as Mouchout did, for electricity. And sophisticated engineering applied to converting sunlight to heat can be very effective indeed. A solar water heater has a black surface that absorbs sunlight and gets hot. The water circulating through the black surface absorbs heat from the surface and is stored in an insulated tank. Nothing complicated about it! Solar water heaters were popular in Florida & California in the 1920s. As of 2005, solar water heat is now required in new construction in Israel & Spain, and capacity grew by 23% in China..
Solar energy can be used to produce electricity by first converting sunlight to heat, then using the heat to generate steam to drive a turbine. Like a magnifying glass, solar thermal electric power plants collect the sun's energy. Some common designs:
- Parabolic trough collectors to focus sunlight on a fluid-filled tube,
- Flat, moveable mirrors (heliostats) which reflect and concentrate sunlight on a collector tower, and
- Large reflective parabolic dish which focuses sunlight on a Stirling engine
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Source: IIPM Editorial, 2006
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